Coca-Cola's Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coca-Cola's Marketing Strategy - Essay Example The company has been accused of using up water from the aquifers that are around their production plants creating acute water shortages around. Anders approximates that the firm uses almost three litres of water to make just one litre of Coca-Cola (12). They have been accused of discharging toxic water containing Malathion, DDT and chlorpyrifos. These are pesticides, which are carcinogenic and are known to lead to individuals’ immune systems being compromised. Besides the obvious health, concerns a rising from the toxic waste from the firm poses a major environmental threat to water reserves and the soil (White et. al. 15). DDT is a non-biodegradable pesticide thus its effects in the soil have a long-term effect to the soil and water and the communities around the enterprise. The company has been accused of dehydrating the communities around it destroying their agricultural calendars. Farmers are unable to sustain their farms, which they usually do by irrigation to sustain the ir crops putting their entire families at the risk of losing their lively hood (White et. al. 17). The impact of the water shortages has been felt most in the semi-arid areas such as Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan where the company has over exploited the valuable resources. Coca cola has made efforts in an attempt to conserve water such as cooling water recirculation, water reuse and water recycling, and proper use of de-ionized water (Anders 73). Besides the aforementioned techniques, the firm may consider employing landscaping as a major way.

Social Media In Education English Language Essay

Social Media In Education English Language Essay In todays technological environment, it is important that teachers try their best to make use of this innovative technology. As explained by Thaker, this technology can be used to facilitate communication between the students and the teachers. However, this new form of communication can also help parents in getting involved in the learning of their children. One way of enhancing this communication is through the use of social media (Bienstock, 2012) (Thaker, 2011). There are a number of social networking sites that can be used. Facebook  [1]  , Twitter  [2]  , Edmodo  [3]  , LinkedIn  [4]  , Twiducate  [5]  , Classroom 2.0  [6]  and Google+  [7]  are just few of the existent social media that one can make use of in education. These media are being constantly used by almost everyone on everyday basis. The results obtained from Pingdom (2012) on the demographics of 24 different social media sites show that these media are being used by different persons in different age groups. In fact, the study shows that even teenagers are making use of such media (Pingdom, 2012). However, one might argue, should we use such media in education, even though we know of the problems and issues related to such media? However others might reason that we cannot just eliminate the use of such a valuable and easily accessible resource. Bienstock (2012) makes reference to the New York Times article in which Ms. Pust states I think that we would do more good keeping kids safe by teaching them how to use these tools and navigate this online world rather than locking it down and pretending that it is not in our realm. (Preston, 2011 in Bienstock, 2012) In the following sections, we will discuss the advantages that social media offers in the area of education. However, we are also going to point out the problems that these media might present and how to cope and manage them. Social Media Benefits in Education Students (Parent Further, 2012) Develop communication skills students can gain social confidence from online interaction, which may help them feel more secure in new situations Increase skill in technology students become more familiar with new and emerging technologies, as well as increase their media literacy through exposure to many different types of online media Such technology is already common with students and this will surely engage them even more if it is utilized. Online communities can be very diverse and expose students to many new view points, ideas, and opinions Social media can also be a source to increase talent to work on group projects Students can develop an optimistic image of themselves by putting best qualities out there Enhanced Collaboration acquiring information can be accomplished by students alone. But a collaborative environment certainly helps students to work together in trying to achieve their aims. Teachers and Schools (Parent Further, 2012) Increased access to resources since learning materials can be shared Collaboration amongst teachers and exchanging of lesson plans and information Can reach parents who are incapable to come to school in a cheap and effective way Can form partnerships with schools in other states or countries Enhanced Flipping The teachers role is that of a tutor. The students access the coursework material outside the classroom, and then within the classroom the teacher helps the students with any problems. In this situation social media can be used to boost the relationship between the teacher and the student. Modernize Discussions through social media teacher can credit students for in-class participation. Communicate Between Classes Teachers can send out announcements, share ideas or pose questions to pupils, especially when classes are spaced several days apart. How well are schools using social media? (Harrison, 2012) Successes Challenges Making safe communities some sites allow teachers to control online environments thus reducing dangers associated with social media Lack of knowledge a schools social media account should be managed by someone who understands social media Encouraging collaboration students can critique and comment on each others assignments. They can easily work in teams online and asking teachers questions or starting a discussion is easy Lack of features lack of engagement for students can make them feel as if the school doesnt care. Features should include one-on-one connection Invitation to produce content social media can invite students and schools to produce content for both enrolled and prospective students. This can show the schools personality More than a presence a social media profile requires daily maintenance and interaction with students The NCF (Ministry of Education, Employment and Family 2011) argues that literacy, numeracy and digital literacy are the foundations for further learning. (Ministry of Education, Employment and the Family, 2011). Our students are digital natives whether we like it or not. For us as teachers we have to accept this and exploit it to deliver the subject content to our students. Students and Social Media Our students are continuously communicating through social media, in Malta the most popular one being Facebook. Can we stop this? No we can not as out students are equipped with laptops, tablets, iPads, smartphones all providing easier access to social networks. Introducing social media in education is not an easy step, as mentioned before students are continuously using it with most of them ignoring the possible consequences. When the topic is approached only on a theoretical level students think that it will never happen to them, for them there is nothing wrong uploading any kind of photos to appear cool with their friends. They can not perceive that once a photo is available on the Internet is available to anybody even though they select the Only Friends option. Social Media Problems and How to Minimise Them? The only way to deal with this problem is through educational videos that illustrate various situations which teenagers found themselves in because they didnt know it could happen to them. A teacher can start by showing these two videos http://viewpure.com/nOUu1fldBbI and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK5OeGeudBMfeature=channel and discuss a set of questions with the students to elicit important points from both videos; the uploading of photos, anyone can watch your photos without you being aware of it. Students need to be educated towards social media. They have a tool in their hands, they think of knowing how to use it but most of them dont. Teachers and parents have to understand we cannot stop the social media hype. We as teachers have to educate about this tool. What can go wrong? Many students ask the questions: What can go wrong? These are some of the answers that we as educators need to provide: Cyberbullying (CEOP, 2007): This kind of bullying is different from the school bullying we are accustomed to. Our students are constantly using mobiles, the internet, so bullying can affect someone at home as well. Since cyberbullying takes place in the virtual world, it has a 24/7 effect and can make someone feel depressed or threatened in their own home. Students should be educated that this kind of bullying can be evidenced. With cyber bullying they can save text/emails/WebPages, print them and used as a proof to catch the bully. Sexting: Sexting occurs when someone takes an innapropriate photo of themselves, and sending it to their friends via a mobile phone, computer, tablet and so on. The problem is that students do not realise that once these images have been uploaded on the Internet they can end up anywhere.   They could be seen by friends and family, schoolmates who can make fun of them or worse in the hands of pedopheles. This also puts that person who originally sent the images in a vulnerable position (CEOP, 2007):, as somebody they may or may not know now has these images and could use technology to bully, harass or threaten students with these photos. Students have to be educated to think Do I want my schoolmates to see these photos, my family? Hacking: Students should always choose the Log Out option so their account can not be hacked. False Identity: It is very easy to lie on the Internet because there is not difrect face to face communication, hence people can lie about their age and appearance. Students have to be sure of whom they are confirming as a friend and moreover they have to be educated not to meet people they encountered over the Internet. Addiction: One has to be aware of the time and effort spent in establishing connections. It is very easy to become addicted, for some, these sites become one of the major concerns (CEOP, 2007). This can have adverse effects on a persons ability to work efficiently and affects ones health as well. Sometimes the best lesson to educate our students is not through theory but providing them with actual facts. For example this article http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2201064/Man-murders-girl-16-testify-raping-years-agolured-death-posing-teen-Facebook.html narrates the story of a girl killed by her rapist before she could testify against him. He posed as a teenage boy on Facebook and told Shania Gray (the victim) he had a crush on her and they agreed to meet. He took her to a secluded park and shot her (Pullman, 2012). Everyone has a Facebook account why shouldnt I? Our society, educators, parents cannot hide from the reality that social media are part of our culture. The future generation are approaching their lives differently as they integrate digital technologies- such as computers, the Internet, instant messaging, cell phones and e-mail throughout their daily activities. As educators we can propose the following simple but effective SMART Rules (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Keep your personal information like address, mobile number safe. Make students think this question If I meet a stranger on the street would I give him my mobile number? The same reasoning has to be applied to a stranger met on the Internet. Dont Meet Up. Social networks can be a place to encounter with new people. Students must always know who you are talking to. If an adult they do not know asks them to meet up, they have to be educated to say no. Accepting (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Educate students to think before they accept something from someone over the Internet as it might contain viruses with the sole purpose to steal information from someones computer used by a hacker to keep data on people perhaps engaged by paedophiles. If students do not know from whom it is and it has an attachment, they have to delete it. Reliable (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Not everyone online can be trusted. Older men tend to lie about their age and who they are to meet female adolescents. This is a point we as educators need to stress onto; students have to know who they are talking to. Tell (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Students should not be afraid of talking if someone is harassing or stalking them over the Internet. They have to talk with their parents, or a guidance teacher or any other trusted adult if someone makes them worried or uncomfortable online. Moreover if a student knows about a friend who has these kinds of problems he/she has to tell someone. It is not betraying him/her friends trust, it is helping and in some cases saving his/her friend. The Issue of No Physical Interaction Social media is a medium that enables communication between people from all over the world through the use of technology. Such interaction can be done from the comfort of your own home and this can facilitate the process tremendously. Some may argue that social media may present a challenge since the students are unable to socialise properly. This may be due to the fact that the interaction between peers is not presented in a physical manner. On the other hand, social media allows people to meet in ways that otherwise would have not been possible. Social media not only allows easier communication but eliminates the issue of geographical barriers. It allows students to form and (Tomaszewski, 2012) (Connolly, 2011) (Williams, 2011)maintain friendships, that otherwise would have been difficult or impossible. Such friendships allow students to learn and interact with other cultures other than their own. It allows wider knowledge sharing from people all over the world. Such interaction would not have been possible or would have been difficult and more costly if it had to be done physically. Therefore, when used with properly and with caution, social media allows not only learning to occur, but also friendships and knowledge sharing to take place. Avoid these when using Social Media We do not want more rules but as any other important tool Social Media should be used responsibly. We are in the day and age, were Social Media is used all the time by everyone and this is the main reason why we should be careful of what we do. We should educate our students how to use Social Media sites responsibly. Stephanie Buck on Mashable gives us a few rules to follow, which if applied, help us appreciate the power of Social Media when used in the classroom. Post Illegal Activities (Buck, 2012) Although your profile may be set to private there are other ways and means how this content can become public and be view by anyone on the web. Once public, it will be impossible to remove that content from the internet. Trash Your Teachers (Buck, 2012) Bullying can also include interactions done on posts where teachers or school administration are mentioned. This can be a grave offence even if certain things may seem harmless to who posted them. Post Objectionable Content from School Computers or Networks (Buck, 2012) Do not use the school computers to post objectionable information. Some school networks can track this activity. Post Confidential Information (Buck, 2012) This is very important as already mentioned before everyone can see the information you post so be careful not to post any personal information where people can track you. Overly Specific Location Check-Ins (Buck, 2012) Do not use Social Media to say that you are home alone or in a remote location this will help even persons who are not willing to help to find you. Lie/Cheat/Plagiarize (Buck, 2012) If a lie is shared on Social Media it is most probably that everyone will get to know. There can also be investigations regarding cheating and plagiarism. Threaten Violence (Buck, 2012) When a threat is posted online even if anonymous, there will be investigations by the police and eventually will trace the offender. Ignore School-Specific Policies (Buck, 2012) Always abide by the policy of your school regarding Social Media. Unprofessional Public Profiles (Buck, 2012) Students should be thoughtful of what to post online. Certain content might not be acceptable for an employer, who in the near future might go through ones profile. Do not say or put anything on your profile which you do not want a future employer to see. Never Rely on Privacy Settings 100% (Buck, 2012)- Students should never rely on privacy settings over good judgment, (Buck, 2012) says social media specialist, Andrew Moravick in (Buck, 2012). Some Social Media networks have very good privacy settings but some are updated very often and not everyone can keep track. Post Emotionally (Buck, 2012) Do not post anything on Social Media when feeling emotional about something. Thing may seem very different when analyzing the same scenario when feeling calm. As we can see, these are very simple rules students and everyone using Social Media can follow. We just have to keep in mind that anything posted irresponsibly on Social Media networks can have very negative effects. Conclusion So far experts remind us that there are clear dos and donts for integrating social media in the classroom. Social technologies are here to stay and it is import to help students learn how to used social media. Guide students in how to think deliberately about their use and consider the outcomes of proper and improper use of social media. This goal can be appropriately reached when teacher have received appropriate training on the use of social media. Full backing and support of the school administration is mandatory to fulfill this objective. Turning social media into an educational tool can be used to further a students education and enrich it.

Media change Analysis Essay -- Technology, Broadcasting, BBC News, CNN

Introduction: From mid-fifteenth-century, an advance of printing technology (Twyman, 1998), the birth of separate re-usable letters in Europe, brings up a significant change for the media broadcasts . To suit with the change of technology and culture, the form of media is changing rapidly. From verbal to visual, form newspaper to television, it is no doubt to say that changes in media provide so much benefit to us. To share messages ‘real time’ and globally, some new media like news weblogging and youtube are existing in these 10 years because of the mature of internet technology. This paper will discuss how this media called â€Å"internet† will give a dramatically effect and impact to global within these 10 years. The arising of new media: The above figure indicates that users who search BBC news are increasing steadily. The flow of increasing means more and more readers try to read news online. On the other hand, it may bring up a big challenge to the ordinary newspaper because not much reader will watch both of ordinary and web newspaper. The feature of new media: By Online News and the Public (Bruce Garrison, 2004)2, the Palo Alto Weekly in California is credited as the first Web newspaper in 1994. Comparing with ordinary newspaper, online news is providing a more efficiency platform in presenting breaking news in a timelier manner. Reporters can upload the news every time and every where instead of ordinary newspaper, that have to print out. Also, online newspaper can help to decrease costs. Releasing online can eliminated the cost of inventory, printing and transporting. Division between old media and new media: To create a new tend for changing the behavior of readers, new media should have some significantly poi... ...iendly. To keep the quality, creditability and ethic of the online media, some organizations are tries to provide some high standard quality in paid access. Many online audiences expect content to be free, but some news organizations have turned to subscription services or in a paid access. In Hong Kong’s news website, Like the pay area of Young Post of South China Morning post, users have to pay an annual fee to get the access for subscribe the news and some interesting information. Through the paid system, organizations are become more easily to keep the news quality as they have more income to operate and quality control the news. The best way to improve their attitude is build up a good journalistic environment. Through the government promotion and monitoring among media industry, the journalistic environment will bring up so much benefit among media. Media change Analysis Essay -- Technology, Broadcasting, BBC News, CNN Introduction: From mid-fifteenth-century, an advance of printing technology (Twyman, 1998), the birth of separate re-usable letters in Europe, brings up a significant change for the media broadcasts . To suit with the change of technology and culture, the form of media is changing rapidly. From verbal to visual, form newspaper to television, it is no doubt to say that changes in media provide so much benefit to us. To share messages ‘real time’ and globally, some new media like news weblogging and youtube are existing in these 10 years because of the mature of internet technology. This paper will discuss how this media called â€Å"internet† will give a dramatically effect and impact to global within these 10 years. The arising of new media: The above figure indicates that users who search BBC news are increasing steadily. The flow of increasing means more and more readers try to read news online. On the other hand, it may bring up a big challenge to the ordinary newspaper because not much reader will watch both of ordinary and web newspaper. The feature of new media: By Online News and the Public (Bruce Garrison, 2004)2, the Palo Alto Weekly in California is credited as the first Web newspaper in 1994. Comparing with ordinary newspaper, online news is providing a more efficiency platform in presenting breaking news in a timelier manner. Reporters can upload the news every time and every where instead of ordinary newspaper, that have to print out. Also, online newspaper can help to decrease costs. Releasing online can eliminated the cost of inventory, printing and transporting. Division between old media and new media: To create a new tend for changing the behavior of readers, new media should have some significantly poi... ...iendly. To keep the quality, creditability and ethic of the online media, some organizations are tries to provide some high standard quality in paid access. Many online audiences expect content to be free, but some news organizations have turned to subscription services or in a paid access. In Hong Kong’s news website, Like the pay area of Young Post of South China Morning post, users have to pay an annual fee to get the access for subscribe the news and some interesting information. Through the paid system, organizations are become more easily to keep the news quality as they have more income to operate and quality control the news. The best way to improve their attitude is build up a good journalistic environment. Through the government promotion and monitoring among media industry, the journalistic environment will bring up so much benefit among media.

Psychoanalytic Theory and Tony Soprano

Soprano, the main character of the HBO series â€Å"The Sopranos. † This paper will attempt to contain specific examples in the show where the theory applies and as such the psychiatric session between Tony and his therapist will also be analyzed with the purpose of knowing the extent of application of Freud's theory.The theory of personality developed by Freud that focused on repression and unconscious forces and included the concepts of infantile sexuality, resistance, transference, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego, is hoped to be better understood in the fabricated character of Soprano as the head of the most powerful criminal organization in New Jersey. The Soprano character, played by James Gandolfini, is the series' exceedingly complex protagonist and as such is the only character to appear in every episode of the show as the Boss of the DiMeo Family.Throughout the series, Tony Soprano has to juggle the ongoing needs of both his personal family a nd his professional family and in these episodes and sequences this paper will analyze the indication of the Freud's theory. Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and Tony Soprano Sigmund Freud was born Sigismund Schlomo Freud on May 6, 1856 and until his death on September 23, 1939 was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist.He founded the Psychoanalytic School of Psychology and was best known for his theories of the unconscious mind, especially involving the mechanism of repression; his redefinition of sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, directed toward a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic techniques, especially his theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship and the presumed value of dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires.Commonly referred to as â€Å"the father of psychoanalysis,† Freud's work has been highly influential, popularizing such notions as the unconscious, the Oedipus complex, defense mechanisms, Freudian slips and dream symbolism. However great and despite his contributions, numerous critics disputed Freud's works and in particular the Psychoanalytic Theory because of its characterization as complex counterfeit of science. Also a physiologist, medical doctor and psychologist, Freud was generally recognized as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century.In elaborating his Psychoanalytic Theory, Freud stated that the mind is a complex energy-system, the structural investigation of which is proper province of psychology. He articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, of infantile sexuality, of repression, and proposed a tripartite account of the mind's structure, all as part of a radically new conceptual and therapeutic frame of reference for the understanding of human psychological development and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions.Notwithstanding the multiple manifestations of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can in almo st all fundamental respects be traced directly back to Freud's original work. Further, Freud's innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fertile, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields, including anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation in addition to psychology.However, Freud's most important and frequently re-iterated claim, that with psychoanalysis he had invented a new science of the mind, remains the subject of much critical debate and controversy. (Jones, 1981). Psychoanalysis Based on Freud, Psychoanalysis is a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders. It comprises several interlocking theories concerning the functioning of the mind.The term also refers to a specific type of treatment where the analyst, upon hearing the thoughts of the â€Å"an alysand† (analytic patient), formulates and then explains the unconscious basis for the patient's symptoms and character problems. Unconscious functioning was first described by Fred who modified his theories several times over a period of almost 50 years (1889-1939) of attempting to treat patients who suffered with mental problems. During psychoanalytic treatment, the patient tells the analyst various thoughts and feelings.The analyst listens carefully, formulates, then intervenes to attempt to help the patient develop insight into unconscious factors causing the problems. The specifics of the analyst's interventions typically include confronting and clarifying the patient's pathological defenses, wishes and guilt. Freud devised it in Vienna in the 1890s because he was interested in finding an effective treatment for patients with neurotic or hysterical symptoms.This new theory, which addressed the cause of neurotic symptoms — phobias, compulsions, obsessions, depressi ons, and â€Å"hysterical† conversions — amongst others, suggested that such problems were created by conflicts among various wishes and guilt, which produced anxiety. Freud and Psychoanalysis In 1886, Freud abandoned the hypnosis form of treatment, in favor of a treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the â€Å"talking cure. † The â€Å"talking cure† is widely seen as the basis of psychoanalysis.In his 40s, Freud â€Å"had numerous psychosomatic disorders as well as exaggerated fears of dying and other phobias† (Corey 2000, p. 67). During this time Freud was involved in the task of exploring his own dreams, memories, and the dynamics of his personality development. During this self-analysis, he came to realize the hostility he felt towards his father (Jacob Freud), who had died in 1896, and â€Å"he also recalled his childhood sexual feelings for his mother (Amalia Freud), who was attractive, warm, and protective† (Corey 2000, p.67). Corey considered this time of emotional difficulty to be the most creative time in Freud's life. In a more vivid identification of the personality of Freud, Historian Peter Gay (2000) said that the former opened a window on the unconscious where he said, lust, rage and repression battle for supremacy and changed the way we view ourselves. There is nothing new about such embittered confrontations; they have dogged Freud's footsteps since he developed the cluster of theories he would give the name of psychoanalysis.His fundamental idea that all humans are endowed with an unconscious in which potent sexual and aggressive drives, and defenses against them, struggle for supremacy, as it were, behind a person's back has struck many as a romantic, scientifically unprovable notion. His contention that the catalog of neurotic ailments to which humans are susceptible is nearly always the work of sexual maladjustments, and that erotic desire starts no t in puberty but in infancy, seemed to the respectable nothing less than obscene.His dramatic evocation of a universal Oedipus complex, in which (to put a complicated issue too simply) the little boy loves his mother and hates his father, seems more like a literary conceit than a thesis worthy of a scientifically minded psychologist. As he pursued his medical researches, he came to the conclusion that the most intriguing mysteries lay concealed in the complex operations of the mind.By the early 1890s, he was specializing in â€Å"neurasthenics† (mainly severe hysterics); they taught him much, including the art of patient listening. At the same time he was beginning to write down his dreams, increasingly convinced that they might offer clues to the workings of the unconscious, a notion he borrowed from the Romantics. He saw himself as a scientist taking material both from his patients and from himself, through introspection. Freud was intent not merely on originating a sweepin g theory of mental functioning and malfunctioning.He also wanted to develop the rules of psychoanalytic therapy and expand his picture of human nature to encompass not just the couch but the whole culture. As to the first, he created the largely silent listener who encourages the analysand to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how foolish, repetitive or outrageous, and who intervenes occasionally to interpret what the patient on the couch is struggling to say. The efficacy of analysis remains a matter of controversy, though the possibility of mixing psychoanalysis and drug therapy is gaining support.Freud's ventures into culture – history, anthropology, literature, art, sociology, the study of religion – have proved little less controversial, though they retain their fascination and plausibility and continue to enjoy a widespread reputation. Tony Soprano Played by James Gandolfini, Tony Soprano is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos. The series' exceedingly complex protagonist, he is the only character to appear in every episode of the show. He is the Boss of the DiMeo Family.Throughout the series, Tony Soprano has to juggle the ongoing needs of both his personal family and his professional family. He has a volatile relationship with his wife, Carmela and a loving if somewhat strained relationship with his two children, Meadow and Anthony, Jr. Passionate and often hotheaded, he is nonetheless intelligent and struggles to conduct his personal and professional lives with reason rather than passion. Tony is often portrayed as a loving father he attends his children's sporting events and wants them to be safe, happy and to have every opportunity in life.He hopes that both his children will escape the life of crime he has led. The Theory and the Character Examples of Freud's theory of the unconscious mind, especially involving the mechanism of repression; his redefinition of sexual desire and his therapeutic techniques were mani fested in selected episodes of the series. In Season 1 he is moved close to tears by her performance at a choir recital. He often tells people about her aspiration to become a pediatrician. Tony has suffered from panic attacks that sometimes cause him to lose consciousness since his childhood.He has his first on-screen panic attack while cooking sausages at his son's birthday party – this occurs in a flashback in the pilot episode. Tony loses consciousness and causes a small explosion when he drops a bottle of lighter fluid onto the coals. Tony describes the experience of the panic attack as feeling like he had â€Å"ginger ale in his skull†. This prompts him to seek help for the attacks. After extensive testing that includes an MRI scan and blood work no physical cause can be found so Dr. Cusamano referred Tony to psychiatrist, Dr.Melfi. Tony's referral to therapy allowed a discussion of his thoughts and feelings away from both aspects of his life — this forum for reaching into the characters thoughts has been described as a Greek chorus and key to the viewers understanding of the character. Tony was initially very resistant to the idea that there was a psychiatric cause for his symptoms. He resented being in therapy and refused to accept the diagnosis of panic attacks given him by the neurologists who had investigated his illness. Tony begins to open up once Dr.Melfi explains the doctor-patient confidentiality rules. He tells her about the stress of his business life – he has a feeling that he has come in at the end of something and describes a reverence for times past. Tony leaves out the violence associated with his criminal career. Tony tells Dr. Melfi a story about ducks landing in his pool. He also tells her about his mother, Livia, who is relentlessly pessimistic and cynical, at once demanding and resentful of assistance. By the end of the first session Tony has admitted that he feels depressed but storms out when Dr.Melfi p resses him further about the relationship between his symptoms and the ducks. n the episode â€Å"46 Long† they continue discuss Tony's mother and her difficulties living alone. Tony admits that he feels guilty because his mother could not be allowed to live with his family. We learn that he has been left to care for his mother alone by his sisters. When Dr. Melfi asks him to remember good experiences from his childhood he has difficulty. It is clear that Tony's perception of his mother does not meet with the reality of her personality.He also shows that he blames Carmela for preventing his mother from living with them. Later they discuss Livia's car accident and Melfi suggests depression may have contributed to the accident – Tony misunderstands her and becomes angry. Tony has a panic attack while visiting his mother's home after she moves to Green Grove. In a later session Dr. Melfi pushes Tony to admit he has feelings of anger towards his mother and he again storms out. During this episode Tony introduces the concept of him acting like the sad clown – happy on the outside but sad on the inside.In the episode, â€Å"Denial, Anger, Acceptance,† Tony discusses Jackie's cancer with Dr. Melfi. She tries to use it as an example of Tony's negative thinking contributing to his depression. Tony becomes angry and storms out because he feels she is trying to trick him and manipulate his thoughts using the pictures that decorate her office. After Jackie worsens and Tony is called a Frankenstein by a business associate he returns to therapy to discuss these things with Dr. Melfi — she asks him if he feels like a monster. In the â€Å"Fortunate Son† episode, Tony discusses a childhood memory of an early panic attack.He saw his father and uncle mutilate Mr Satriale, the local butcher, and later fainted at a family dinner consisting of free meat from the butcher. Dr. Melfi makes a connection between meat and Tony's panic attacks an d also explores his mother's attitude to the fruits of his father's labor. Later Dr. Melfi tries prescribing Lithium as a mood stabilizer. In the episode â€Å"Isabella† Tony sinks into a severe depressive episode and experiences hallucinations — he sees a beautiful Italian woman named Isabella in his neighbor's garden.Tony sees Isabella several times during the episode and later learns that she never existed. Melfi theorizes that Isabella was an idealized maternal figure that Tony's subconscious produced because of he was deeply upset at his own mother's actions at the time. In â€Å"I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano† episode, Tony abruptly ends his therapy and convinces Dr. Melfi to go into hiding when he discovers that his Uncle Junior has found out about their sessions. The stage on which its drama unfolds is the relationship between Tony and Dr.Melfi, a duet blistering with so much heat and so authentic in its depiction of what actually happens in psychoanalytic psychotherapy where you fell as if you are in the room yourself eavesdropping on another patient's session. The relationship between Tony and Dr. Melfi has been up-and-down, with Tony reaching a level of comfort with Dr. Melfi that he has never experienced with anyone else before, not even his wife. This closeness leads Tony to have something of a â€Å"crush† on Dr. Melfi, something that is unattainable. However, the â€Å"prying† from Dr.Melfi is uncomfortable for Tony and he often turns sarcastic and antagonistic towards her, leading to an ongoing strain in their relationship. During the episode â€Å"The Second Coming,† aired in part II of season six, Melfi's own therapist suggests to her that therapy like which she administers to Tony has been considered to be an enabler to certain sociopathic personalities. In the episode â€Å"46 Long† they continue discuss Tony's mother and her difficulties living alone. Tony admits that he feels guilty because hi s mother could not be allowed to live with his family. When Dr.Melfi asks him to remember good experiences from his childhood he has difficulty. It is clear that Tony's perception of his mother does not meet with the reality of her personality. He also shows that he blames Carmela for preventing his mother from living with them. Later they discuss Livia's car accident and Melfi suggests depression may have contributed to the accident – Tony misunderstands her and becomes angry. Tony has a panic attack while visiting his mother's home after she moves to Green Grove. In a later session Dr. Melfi pushes Tony to admit he has feelings of anger towards his mother and he again storms out.During this episode Tony introduces the concept of him acting like the sad clown – happy on the outside but sad on the inside. Finally, in the penultimate episode of the series, â€Å"The Blue Comet,† Melfi severs her relationship with Tony as his therapist. In psychoanalytic terms, To ny is split, so split that he is an ambulatory. One part of himself – the thrill-seeking mob boss trying to cling by his brass knuckles to a world where nobody plays by the rules anymore – is alienated from the other part, the devoted family man trying to survive in the quicksand of Nero-fiddling-while-Rome-burns middle-class America.It's a toss-up which culture is more empty, dysfunctional and corrupt. In any event, the breach is causing him grievous suffering. Tony tries to put up a wall between the two worlds but inevitably they start to bleed into each other. The more he tries to ignore or paper over the cracks, the more his psyche rebels. He has anxiety attacks, blacks out, tumbles into a depression. Tony may be in denial about why his system is on red alert but it is impossible to watch the show without developing an armchair theory. Tony's gangster personal provides him with constant excitement and action, a sense of power and control, a definition of masculinit y.Through violence rationalized as business or impersonal soldiering he also gets to express his considerable unacknowledged rage without encroaching on his alter ego as benevolent husband and father. But when the center fails to hold, the result is panic, depression, self-hatred, sexual collapse and engulfing, ungovernable anger. Tony's panic attacks are an undeniable signal that his defenses are deserting him. Psychoanalysis is about transformation. When transformation happens, it can seem quite magical. It can involve gaining the ability to make previously unthinkable choices or living a life that once felt beyond reach.It can be about achieving the freedom to be oneself instead of feeling inhibited, stuck and frightened. It can be about something as simple and earth-breaking as locating oneself differently in the world . If there is change, people are not the same as they used to be. References Bender, William. (2006). The Last Aria of Tony Soprano. The New York Times. Berman, J . (2003). The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and well- being. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 20(3), 575-578. Bolognini, Stefano (2004). Psychoanalytic Empathy. Free Association Books, London. Cf. Blum, Harold P. (Ed. ) (1977). Female Psychology.New York: International Universities Press. De Mijolla, Allain. (2005). International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Thomson/Gale. Dennis, Wendy. (2205). Why Psychoanalysis Matter. The Walrus Magazine Eagleton, Terry. (1983). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 153-4. Elliott, Anthony (2002). Psychoanalytic Theory: An Introduction, Second Edition. Duke University Press. Fisher, Seymour. (1985). The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy. University Press. Flax, Jane. Political Philosophy and the Patriarchal Unconscious: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Epistemology and Metaphysics.Discovering Reality. 252. Gay, Peter. (1998) Freud: A Life for our Time. New York: W. W. N orton & Co. , Inc. 810 pp. Reprinted from Gerald, Corey. (2000). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 6th ed. Jacobson, Edith. (1976). Depression; Comparative Studies of Normal, Neurotic, and Psychotic Conditions. International Universities Press. Jones, Ernest. (1981). The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud. Basic Books. Laplanche, Jean and Pontalis, J. B. (1974). The Language of Psycho-Analysis. W. W. Norton & Company.

Definition of Poetry Essay

According to W.H.Hudson we all have a sense of what poetry constitutes. There are innumerable definitions of poetry given by poets and critics of poetry and out of which Hudson chooses some famous definitions. They are given below: * Johnson : â€Å"Metrical composition† , it is â€Å"the art of uniting pleasure with truth by calling imagination to the help of reason† * Macaulay: â€Å"we mean the art of employing words in such a manner as to produce an illusion on the imagination, the art of doing by means of words what the painter does by means of colours† * Carlyle: â€Å"We will call Musical thought† * Shelley: â€Å"In a general sense may be defined as the expression of the imagination† * Hazlitt: â€Å"It is the language of the imagination and the passions† * Leigh Hunt: â€Å"The utterance of a passion for truth, beauty, and power, embodying and illustrating its conceptions by imagination and fancy, and modulating its language on the principle of variety in unity† * Coleridge: â€Å"Poetry is the antithesis of science, having for its immediate object pleasure, not truth† * Wordsworth: â€Å"It is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge and the impassioned expression which is in the countenance of all science† * Edgar Allan Poe: â€Å"It is the rhythmic creation of beauty† * Keble: â€Å"A vent for overcharged feeling or a full imagination† * Doyle: â€Å"It expresses our dissatisfaction with what is present and close at hand† * Ruskin: â€Å"The suggestion by the imagination, of noble grounds for the noble emotions† * Prof. Courthope: â€Å"The art of producing pleasure by the just expression of imaginative thought and feeling in metrical language† * Mr. Watts-Dunton: â€Å" The concrete and artistic expression of the human mind in emotional and rhythmical language† * Matthew Arnold: * â€Å"It is simply the most delightful and perfect form of utterance that human words can reach† * â€Å"It is nothing less than the most perfect speech of man that in which he comes nearest to being able to utter the truth† * â€Å"It is a criticism of life under the conditions fixed for such a criticism by the laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty† As Hudson state when we look at them critically, and compare them with one another, certain disturbing facts about them become clear. Commenting on these definitions Hudson concludes they are almost distracting in their variety because the subject is approached from many different points of view. Some, strictly speaking, fail to define, because they express rather what is poetical in general, wherever it may be found, than what is specifically poetry. Some, on the other hand, are too narrow and exclusive, because they recognize only the particular kind of poetry in which the writer happened to be personally interested.

Free Essays on Han Nolan

Han Nolan in my view is a wonderful author, she has written books that reflect on the harsh problems people face in their lives. Nolan is the author of â€Å"Born Blue† which tells the story of a child growing up and making her life a mess. Janie was four years old when she had almost drowned. As she was swimming in the Gulf of Mexico and her mother was paying her no attention, she had managed to wander out too far and a current had took her under. Due to that incident and the fact that her mother was heavily into heroin she was placed into a foster home that she had considered to be the â€Å"stink house†. The foster home was always a mess, with dirty diapers, dishes never being done, and no one ever picking up after them selves. In the foster home there were other kids, amongst them were a few babies and one seven year old little black boy named Harmon. Janie became to look to Harmon as her big brother and he was the only on she ever came to know as for the babies she could barely stand to be around them. Harmon was one known to be quiet and very shy, he always carried a shoe box with him every where he would go not letting any one know what was in it because he always thought it would be taken away from him. As Harmon came to trust Janie he would finally decided to share with her what was in the box. In it was a collection of music tapes including Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald and other divas such as them. Harmon and Janie would take the â€Å"ladies†, which is what they had considered the tapes to be, and listen to them in the basement or sometimes in the tree house on headphones so no one could hear what they were doing. Janie would love to do this she always thought of it as spending time with the ladies. Janie and Harmon of course had a caseworker, she would bring them to church on Sundays and sometimes take them out for ice cream. The first time Janie attended church she saw how everyone would sing and s... Free Essays on Han Nolan Free Essays on Han Nolan Han Nolan in my view is a wonderful author, she has written books that reflect on the harsh problems people face in their lives. Nolan is the author of â€Å"Born Blue† which tells the story of a child growing up and making her life a mess. Janie was four years old when she had almost drowned. As she was swimming in the Gulf of Mexico and her mother was paying her no attention, she had managed to wander out too far and a current had took her under. Due to that incident and the fact that her mother was heavily into heroin she was placed into a foster home that she had considered to be the â€Å"stink house†. The foster home was always a mess, with dirty diapers, dishes never being done, and no one ever picking up after them selves. In the foster home there were other kids, amongst them were a few babies and one seven year old little black boy named Harmon. Janie became to look to Harmon as her big brother and he was the only on she ever came to know as for the babies she could barely stand to be around them. Harmon was one known to be quiet and very shy, he always carried a shoe box with him every where he would go not letting any one know what was in it because he always thought it would be taken away from him. As Harmon came to trust Janie he would finally decided to share with her what was in the box. In it was a collection of music tapes including Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald and other divas such as them. Harmon and Janie would take the â€Å"ladies†, which is what they had considered the tapes to be, and listen to them in the basement or sometimes in the tree house on headphones so no one could hear what they were doing. Janie would love to do this she always thought of it as spending time with the ladies. Janie and Harmon of course had a caseworker, she would bring them to church on Sundays and sometimes take them out for ice cream. The first time Janie attended church she saw how everyone would sing and s...

Check out this Phrasal Verb Breakdown! Workout or Work Out Signup or Sign Up Your Questions Answered.

Check out this Phrasal Verb Breakdown! Workout or Work Out Signup or Sign Up Your Questions Answered. This weekend, I had the pleasure of staying in the Hilton Garden Inn in Schaumburg, Illinois.   On the bedside table was a pamphlet entitled, â€Å"In-Room Comfort Guide.† I happily read about the superlatively comfy bed and pillow I was to sleep on and the ergonomic chair I would sit in while working on my laptop.   Then I turned to the back page of the pamphlet, where it said: Workout in the comfort of your own room. â€Å"Do they mean for ‘workout’ to be a noun or a verb?† I asked myself.   â€Å"Do they mean, ‘Get a workout in the comfort of your own room’ or does the Hilton have editors who do not know that workout is a noun, not a verb?† As I read on, I came to the conclusion that the Hilton’s editors have a few things to learn about grammar.   The first sentence of the paragraph under the headline says: Workout in the comfort of your own guestroom when you check-out our complimentary Stay Fit Kit  ® from the front desk. Oh my!   Not only did the editors miss the fact that the verb to â€Å"work out† is TWO words (known as a PHRASAL VERB), but they also did not realize that â€Å"check out† should be TWO words!   You would think that editors working for a HOTEL would know that check-out is the noun for what you do when you check out (verb) of a hotel. Gearing Up with More Phrasal Verbs! Work out and check out are just two examples of phrasal verbs that many people get mixed up.   One of my pet peeves is a phrase you might see often on websites, â€Å"Signup Here† or â€Å"Sign-Up Here.†Ã‚   â€Å"Sign up† (TWO words) is a PHRASAL VERB like â€Å"work out† and â€Å"check out.†Ã‚   â€Å"Sign-up† or â€Å"Signup† is the noun for the act of signing up.   E.g., â€Å"The sign-up table is down the hall to your right.† Other examples of PHRASAL VERBS are: Break out (noun:   breakout) Stand out (adjective:   standout) Take off (noun:   takeoff or take-off) Make up (noun:   make-up) Count down (noun:   countdown) Break down (noun:   breakdown) Group on (noun:   Groupon) – Just Kidding!!! Foul up (noun:   foul-up) – Get where I’m going here? Dear readers, here’s the point:   Just because there is a word in existence that glues the two parts of a phrasal verb together does NOT mean that you can glue those two words together and have the result still be a verb!   If you want to use a verb plus a preposition (up, down, on, off, etc.) as a verb, keep a space between the two parts of the verb.   Do NOT stick them together or you will end up with a noun or possibly an adjective.   You can do better than those Hilton editors, can’t you? If you have questions or more examples of phrasal verbs that people tend to get confused with their corresponding adjective or noun phrase, please share below! Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinJuly 18, 2011 3 Comments The Essay Expert says: July 22, 2011 at 5:30 pm Thanks for the list Dawna! I dont think Ive ever seen shoot out used as a phrasal verb (of course shoot-out is a noun). What does it mean to shoot out (unless youre a plant)? And is there a word eatout or eat-out? I wonder if people get this one wrong. Log in and Log out are a couple that came onto my radar in the last couple of days! Log in to Reply Penelope J. says: July 31, 2011 at 1:58 pm Enjoyed these examples. Dont have time to compile a set of my peeves. I know they are everywhere, but a Hilton Garden Hotel should not have a glaring grammatical error in their pamphlet. Hope you pointed it out to them or sent them a link to this blog post. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 31, 2011 at 3:15 pm Thanks Penelope! I did send them a trackback. Maybe I should send the link to Corporate too 🙂 Think theyll offer me a job? Log in to Reply

The fonts that make you remember more - Emphasis

The fonts that make you remember more The fonts that make you remember more We are more likely to remember information when it is written in a hard-to-read font, according to psychologists at Princeton and Indiana universities. Researcher Connor Diemand-Yauman and his colleagues wanted to explore how fonts affect how much we remember from the text we read. They found that learning materials set in slightly harder-to-read fonts produced significantly higher scores in students’ assignments. Arial vs Comic Sans The researchers presented 28 participants with information about three species of aliens, and gave them 90 seconds to learn the features that identified them. For half the participants, the information was presented in clear 16-point, black Arial font. Information for the remaining participants was presented in Comic Sans or Bodoni fonts, both in grey and 12-point. Participants were later tested on the identifying features of the alien species. Those who had learnt from the harder-to-read fonts answered 86.5 per cent of questions correctly, compared with 72.8 per cent by those who learnt from the easy-to-read fonts. The researchers replicated the findings in a similar study at a school in Chesterland, Ohio. Levels of processing So why did the participants remember more about the harder-to-read samples? Diemand-Yauman suggests that when we find something easy to read, we tend to take it as a sign that we already have mastery of the material. But when fonts make reading slightly harder, we often doubt whether we instantly ‘get’ it. As a result, we are more likely to go over the information again to make sure we fully understand it. This encourages deeper processing in the brain, which makes us remember more about the text. But that doesnt mean you use Cloister Black for your reports from now on. Improving readability One of the main challenges of writing is producing a document that people actually read. The participants in the studies above were more likely to read than normal. This is because text was given to them by people in authoritative positions (psychologists, teachers) and in test conditions. But your report isn’t an experiment. And your target audience may not feel obliged to read your piece at all, especially if it’s that little bit harder to read, or it’s set in an inappropriate font. Besides, there’s more to business writing than getting people to remember the details in your documents. It is about setting a good impression too. Much like wearing a suit, your clients will judge your written output on presentation, and one way to get this right is to use the best fonts. Serif vs sans serif fonts Serif fonts are those with the twiddly strokes at the ends of characters (eg Times New Roman, Minion). There is an argument that serif fonts are more distinctive than sans serif fonts (without strokes, eg Arial, Calibri), and are therefore easier to read. However, there are plenty more studies that show there is no difference between them in terms of legibility. Interaction designer Alex Poole thinks most mainstream typefaces are equally legible. He says, ‘It makes much more sense to argue in favour of serif or sans serif typefaces on aesthetic grounds than on the question of legibility.’ Fonts help to set the tone of your professional identity. For business writing, they need to be formal but approachable; sensible but not staid; and consistent, not erratic. That’s why at Emphasis we prefer Arial, a sans serif font, because it is plain, clear and simple – just the qualities we recommend in writing. Reference: Fortune favors the bold (and the italicized): effects of disfluency on educational outcomes, Connor Diemand-Yauman et al, Cognition, Vol 118 (January 2011). To learn more about how we can help you, your team or your entire organisation transform your writing at work, download our free course catalogue today.

Letter of Inquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter of Inquiry - Essay Example I remember your performance when you were the head of the district education department before your term expired in 2011. There were several challenges the education sector incurred, but you being the head of the department managed to overcome the challenges. It is clear that your profile is far much envied by many as you managed to chair and equitably allocate the over 1 million fund donated by the non-governmental organization. Being the director and the owner of the brook house schools, am delighted with no doubt that you are the best adviser to show us the way since we are still young in leadership. Due to late allocation of funds to schools by the government, I am afraid to tell you that we cannot provide transportation, lodging and meals while you attend our function. We therefore, as an association, have planned an after function trip to the national archives and museums to mark our first anniversary. You are therefore asked to come along with two of your family members to enjoy this trip to the historical

Global Warming Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Global Warming Regulations - Essay Example Industrial revolution has given birth to different human activities that are involved in burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas for the purpose of obtaining energy. Carbon is an important ingredient of the fuels that are burnt for getting energy (Richard C. Rockwell, 1998). This burning is the primary source of emission of different green gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). The emission of these different gases is closely related with the pollution released in to the atmosphere. In this process some other gases like Carbon monoxide; nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are also produced as result of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons in fuels of automobiles (Sandra L. Justus, 1998). This type of auto emission generates carbon monoxide which is a big challenge for the global warming (Steven J. Moss and Richard J. McCann, 1993). At present motor vehicles produce about 60 percent of the nationwide total carbon monoxide (E NS News, 2003) and in some cities it is as high as 95 percent. This colorless, odorless but deadly harmful gas is also produced by the industrial processes, non transportation fuel use and wildfires (Sandra L. Justus, 1998). In order to curb the global warming, the US government has attempt... These regulations are directly affecting the functions and business of Emission Trading markets. The current discussion about the government regulations on carbon monoxide emission will focus on the negatives effects of carbon monoxide that are main cause of these regulations and the impact of these regulations on the Emission trading markets. Moreover we will trace the negative and positive effects of previous regulations so that we can have a clear picture in front of us that can help in predicting the effects and outcomes of the current regulations. Reasons behind the Regulations US Government has enacted the regulation on the emission of carbon monoxide. This decision is effected by several factors. Among them the poisonous effects of carbon monoxide on human health are very important. The other reasons include the safety from air pollution, political pressure etc. Carbon monoxide and Human Health The negative impact of carbon monoxide on the public health is an important reason behind that. Carbon monoxide is the most toxic substance that people come in contact in their daily lives. When carbon monoxide is produced in large amount it remains present around the people at different places. It has some negative impacts on the human health and it can affect the people at their work places, homes, garage, cars, caravan and boat (IAPA, 2006). When people inhale carbon monoxide, it passes through the respiratory system and goes to the lungs from where it passes directly in to the bloodstreams through the air sacs. Carbon monoxide affects the functions of blood and stop oxygen to reach the body tissues and insufficient

Crisis Prevention & intervention in healthcare (management of Essay - 4

Crisis Prevention & intervention in healthcare (management of assaultive behavior)6 - Essay Example Patients in crisis can be a threat to others and to self. Restraining entails restricting the arms, legs and tying the waist to reduce or contain mobility. Patients can be confined in hospital willingly or unwillingly. Restrain prevents a patient from moving their head, body, arms or legs freely. Items used to facilitate medical examination such as bandage are not considered restrain. Measures to restrain patients with assaultive behavior are carefully selected because restriction or seclusion could lead to negative outcomes if excessively implemented. Therefore, recommended measures should be least restrictive and steered towards specific result. Restraining techniques are recommended only when necessary. Restraining can be granted if the patient or family request. Advice for restrain by the healthcare professional should be accompanied by the length of time the assaultive person should be restrained. Observations should be made when the patient is restrained and recorded at regular intervals. Reviews can be made to assist the patient overcome their condition. Restraining is not used as a convenient way of containing the patient when healthcare professionals want to discipline the assaultive patient. Additionally, healthcare professionals should be aware of the body alignment when implementing least restriction to avoid body injuries. The patient should be able to change movement and exercise. Body circulation is important to enable the body to continue functioning as Ballard and Rockett (2009, p. 34) mention. Psychological restrain may precede chemical restrain and physical measures to restrain. Psychological restrain is given in the form of a program or a therapy. Activities are designed to meet the diverse situation of the assaultive behavior by withholding certain privileges. The privileges withdrawn do not include the basic needs. The patient given retrain will have access to shelter, clothing and food. Patients

Author Case Study and an Application Case Study Essay

Author Case Study and an Application Case Study - Essay Example This was based on the understanding of economic development and how this was affected by the public administration which one was a part of. The different developments with public administration ultimately led to a large amount of differences with public administration and how it should be probed. The concepts that Lindblom was associated with were developed with public administration and the different arenas which it affected. Lindblom was interested in how the public administration could easily affect the structure and process of economics, social and cultural viewpoints. The concept of public administration became essential specifically by the need to control and develop the different structures which were associated with public administration. The first point which Lindblom shows is based on the social and organizational control structures. The belief is that any type of organization requires control structures to continue functioning and to balance out the social and economic order which one is a part of. Lindblom claims that the best way to do this is through unilateral controls, which consists of a hierarchy. He also states that it is possible to have effective controls with polyarchies and the market; however, these are limited based on the type of structure which one is in. The focus of each of these controls is based on maintaining, controlling and developing society under the leadership of a specific set of individuals. At the same time, there is the ability to control and monitor the public administration through the commands which are used by the administration (Fry, 264). The concept of controlling different social and cultural orders through social administration expands with the understanding that there has to be a balance between the rights and privileges of individuals while creating the necessary approach to different needs of those in society. This leads to Lindblom’s

Analysis of Two Articles about Robots Assignment

Analysis of Two Articles about Robots - Assignment Example Robots are largely used to perform labor tasks. The need to increase production and improve efficiency is very necessary and finding the best robot for this is very important. I major in Mechanical Engineering which is directly related to the construction of the robots. The first article, â€Å"Team Designs Tiny Robots That Can Build like Termites† gives a significant design of tiny robots that can build without outside intervention. The second article, â€Å"Believable Robot Characters† gives an account of how important is the believability of robots when it comes to human-robot interaction. The article was published by Dow Jones & Company Inc. in New York, United States and authored by Robert Lee Hotz. The organization of the article only provides a heading and several paragraphs describing what the author wants to pass. It also has an abstract that summarizes what the information contained in it (Robert, 2014). The article is written in simple a U.S English language and is directed to the audience at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Chicago. It focuses on the ability of the robots to help in building any structure that they are instructed to. The article was published by Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, La Canada in the United States and authored by Simmons et al. The organization of the article provides headings and subheadings dividing every point communicated by the authors. There is also a subtract summarizing the content and objective of the article. The article is directed towards people in the entertainment industry who are greatly interested in the human-robot interaction through the integration of consistent storyline, verbal and nonverbal behavior and social context. It is also written in a simple and understandable language (Simmons, 2011).

Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Memo - Case Study Example Some methodological issues of CBA have not been entirely resolved even now, but the essential presented in the subsequent are well proven. One of the shortcomings of CBA is that the evaluation of many components of benefits and costs are intuitively obvious but that there exist other methods for which intuition fails to suggest methods of measurement. Therefore, some important principles are needed as a guide (Pohl & Mihaljek, 1992). Since the enactment of the devolution agenda, Arapahoe County has been experiencing problems in the personnel based expenditures. The assessment of this Countys expenditure would lead the ease in the distribution of these given expenditures. However, inevitably would to otherwise but difficulties in the distribution of the expenditure. According to reports the escalation rate of health is 8% but without the heath personnel in place it is 3.5%. In the cost benefit computation area, the one-time costs differ in the relation to the description and the quantity. As for the HR charges set up pilot, each person gets a unit cost of 7500 and the participants retirement is 10000 each. The recurring costs: The base stipend differs from year to year, and it is always growing from year one to year 5. As the base stipend, the ACA penalty also increases consistently from tear one to year five with its transaction year unit cost being $ 2,000 and the operational year unit cost being $3000. The recurring saving: the retirement benefit’s transition year unit saving is $ 2,664 and operational year unit saving is $ 5,327 and the development increases yearly. The health care savings transition year saving is $ 3,411 and the operational year unit savings is $ 6,821 and the development increases year after year. The cost /benefits adjusted for the time value of money has a discount factor growth that is

Analysis of Two Articles about Robots Assignment

Analysis of Two Articles about Robots - Assignment Example Robots are largely used to perform labor tasks. The need to increase production and improve efficiency is very necessary and finding the best robot for this is very important. I major in Mechanical Engineering which is directly related to the construction of the robots. The first article, â€Å"Team Designs Tiny Robots That Can Build like Termites† gives a significant design of tiny robots that can build without outside intervention. The second article, â€Å"Believable Robot Characters† gives an account of how important is the believability of robots when it comes to human-robot interaction. The article was published by Dow Jones & Company Inc. in New York, United States and authored by Robert Lee Hotz. The organization of the article only provides a heading and several paragraphs describing what the author wants to pass. It also has an abstract that summarizes what the information contained in it (Robert, 2014). The article is written in simple a U.S English language and is directed to the audience at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Chicago. It focuses on the ability of the robots to help in building any structure that they are instructed to. The article was published by Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, La Canada in the United States and authored by Simmons et al. The organization of the article provides headings and subheadings dividing every point communicated by the authors. There is also a subtract summarizing the content and objective of the article. The article is directed towards people in the entertainment industry who are greatly interested in the human-robot interaction through the integration of consistent storyline, verbal and nonverbal behavior and social context. It is also written in a simple and understandable language (Simmons, 2011).

Government in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Government in america - Essay Example Brown posits that amendments are a serious necessity in the United States constitution (The Birthright Question 106). Brown states that, â€Å"the 14th Amendment was passed by Congress on June 13, 1866 and finally ratified on July 9, 1868† (The Birthright Question 106). Hammerstrom expounds more on the 14th amendment, which gives equal rights to every citizen in the United States and completely abolished slavery (1). The historical and contemporary government development in the14th amendment is important to the American people and the government mandate is to protect and upheld the rights of the American people stated in the amendment. The thought of independence means guaranteed equal rights to every citizen in a country. Stock explicates that the meaning of independence was not as was expected to the American people because the people only experienced the concept of equal rights after the 1868 14th amendment (139). The 14th amendment passed by the congress was after a long c ontroversy and heated debate. According to Brown, racism was very dominant in the United State between the white and the black people (The Birthright Question 106). The amendment reaffirms states and federal citizenship for all people irrespective of race whether born or have been naturalized in the United States. ... Brown indicates that the 14th amendment granted citizenship to any person both within United States geographical area despite parent’s legal status or not (A United States Analysis 421). The 14th amendment indicates that a state will not abridge the privilege and freedom of American Citizen (Our Constitution 168). Therefore, every person in America as long as the citizen is above twenty-one is allowed to vote. According to Brown, the Constitution of the United States has no clause that the term ‘slavery’ is directly cited. Article 1, Section 2 of the constitution apportioned tax and enumeration of representatives of Congress according to whole number of free persons (The Birthright Question 106). Therefore, slavery included the three-fifth of total number of people counted. The Congress bounded such people to slavery for a period of one thousands and ninety nine years. The constitution gave primary rights to government to the states rather than federal government (The Birthright Question 107). Therefore, the southern states declared their withdrawal from the union. These happened when Abraham Lincoln voiced his support for the states right of withdrawal. In 1854, establishment of the Republic Party was to stop slavery in America and this contributed to Abraham Lincoln elected as the president of America. After the election of Abraham Lincoln, the southern state seceded from the union leading to the Republican Party and the northern states having absolute control of the federal government (The Birthright Question 108). In 1862, the congress passed laws to confiscate all slaves from the southern states therefore using the freed slaves as soldiers to fight against the southern state. The Civil war between the states

Penang Island As A Popular Tourist Destination

Penang Island As A Popular Tourist Destination Penang Island or also known by the name of Pearl of the Orient is a small island located in the north-western coast of Peninsular Malaysia covering 285 sq Km and also a narrow strip comprising 760 sq km over on the mainland known as Seberang Perai. . Also known to be a melting pot for culture and religion, Penang has a estimated population of almost 1 million with a healthy mix of all major races in Malaysia with the Malays 32%, the Chinese 59% and the Indians 7%. With the different cultures and religion Penang is rich in heritage and culture which projects as a kaleidoscope of festivals and a variety of celebrations throughout the year (travelmasti,2011). This makes Penang one of the most visited states in Malaysia as a tourism spots. Tourism is considered one of the main mechanism that drives the economy and bringing in better yields for the state. The history of Penang backdates to as early as the 16th century where Portuguese traders sailing from Goa, India to the Far East in search for spices as well as to replenish their supply of food and water to continue their journey. They then named the island Pulo Pinaom which translates as Betel Nut Island. This is because of the abundant supply of areca nut palm trees available. These trees are called Pinang by the local Malays (Tourism Penang, 2010). It was during the 18th century, when the British took interest in the island to service them as a port for ship repairs and a good source of supply to spice and opium that was considered a lucrative and valuable trade at that time. Penang, whose originally was under the Sultanate of Kedah was then offered by the Sultan of Kedah to the British in exchange for protection against their enemy but did not receive any agreement by the superiors in the East India Company. However, on 11th August 1876, Captain Francis Light in order to secure Penang Island as port for the British, made an agreement with the Sultan of Kedah by agreeing to offer protection to Kedah against their enemy without the consent of the company thus making the agreement null. In 1781, a treaty was signed between the Sultan of Kedah and British whereby, an honorarium of 6000 Spanish dollars per annum will be paid to the Sultan which later changed to 10000 Spanish dollars in exchange for the island which was later rename d as the Prince of Wales Island. This amount is still paid by the Malaysia Federal Government till today. One of the main heritage sites in Penang today is the Fort Cornwallis as it is the site where the Union Jack was raised. The first township was established nearby called Georgetown. Georgetown was mainly made up of four main streets that existed till today such as Beach Street, Light Street, Pitt Street now known as Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling and lastly, Chulia Street(Malaysian Explorer, 2008). Achieving UNESCO Heritage Status Finally, on 7th July 2008, after 12 long years of assessment after applying, Penang Island has finally achieved its recognition as one of the UNESCO Heritage Status together with the state of Malacca where its uniqueness in architectural and cultural landscape in it towns makes it so special compared to any other places (Malaysian Explorer, 2008) The title has enabled the state to promote to use it as a new branding while boosting the tourism industry and the states economy. In the year of 2008 , Penang has experienced a good year as the state managed to bring in a total amount of 6.3 million tourist based on hotel sources excluding tourist that arrive by arrive by cruises and those staying friends and family compared to the year before with a total number of 5.2 million tourist in the previous year(Penangtourism,2009).This status has enabled Penang to attract enthusiastic travelers around the world by giving them an new option of destination to visit. The recognition of UNESCO Heritage status is an international acknowledgement that highlights the global significance of that particular area. This is a symbol of honour Penang and great privilege that will able to contribute to its social and economic sector. With the great impact that the status is able to deliver, to be able to be listed in the World Heritage List is therefore, very selective. Attaining this recognition is not a one off award as there are guidelines and responsibilities that have to be followed from time to time in order to maintain the status as it can be revoked. Penang has spend a total of 12 years in order to achieve this recognition which both time consuming and costly to maintain conservation of the sites this the commitment and responsibility to maintain this status should not be handled lightly( Penang Tourism, 2009). 1.3. Contributions By conducting this study, the Penang tourism board will be able to it measure the interest and trends of travelers that are fast changing as time passes. Demands to visit and learn more about heritage sites are increasing as awareness and appreciation for these sites are instilled into the younger generation which are inherited by the older generation. These heritages are rich with the roots of culture and the achievements that contribute to what Penang is today. With the world economic down, disaster, climate and possible treats like terrorism people are switching their travelling options to cheaper, safer the offers an equal value for money tourism spots which enhance the shifting of trends towards tourism heritage. This is because tourism has always been one of the most resilient industries in the world despite any given situations (Koehl,2002). With the extra branding heritage status, this offers the best opportunity that offers Penang an extra edge to boost and maximize the benefits to boosts its economy in terms of revenue and employment.( Imons, et al.n.d). With the given opportunity and resources that is available, it is also reflects importance of the cooperation and private and government organizations that cooperate with each other in order to double the effort to maximize the benefits for both parties. This is because there is a positive relationship between state, tourism industry, locals and tourist. Problem Statement The effort to attain the UNESCO Heritage Site status was not easily obtained within a short period of time but has gone through a series of application and also a strict scrutinizing evaluation process which takes up to 12 years of With the contribution in income and benefits that Penang is able to generate from status of UNESCO Heritage Site, there are several problem statement such as, is Penang able to maintain the status of its trump card in the long run as this status can be revoked if not properly maintained according to the criteria and requirement set by the organization itself so that a clear line could be adhered to avoid unwanted development in the core zones within the heritage enclaves.(Penang Economic Monthly,2009) Cooperation between the state government and the tourism board has to be synchronized and properly planned is important to ensure that development plan for the state does not clash with the conditions and guidelines drafted by UNESCO in order to avoid the heritage status from being revoked. Proper funds need to be allocated in so that maintenance and restoration jobs can be executed from time to time as restoration process in for these heritage buildings require special labour skills that not many is able to perform and different kind of materials in order to preserve the original style of the buildings. This will result in a higher cost to maintain them thus making fund a vital part in maintaining this status Research Question The research question for this research is as follows : 1. Which are the main perspectives that play the main role in attracting tourist to visit Penang? 2. What are the current interest that tourist are looking for? 3. Are the events organized and held interesting and informative enough for the tourist? 4. How is the quality of services offered by staffs in the places of attraction that are visited? 5. Are the tour packages offered enough to fulfill the demands of the tourist? 6. What is the satisfaction level of tourist towards the heritage sites in Penang? 7. Was Penang able to deliver and offer a money satisfying trip to its tourist? Chapter 2 Literature review As one of the new upcoming heritage tourism sites, armed with the richness and uniqueness of its own heritage compared to other places in the world, Penang has all the opportunity and resources to promote and market its tourism industry globally but in order to succeed, it is important to imply an effective economic framework for any decision making process that is able to help the state government in planning and implementation. This is important as each decision varies as each tourism sector differs from one another as well as the impact of it that reflects differently on the culture, people and the economy of the place. Therefore, a suggestion in extensions of micro economic models such as ecological economics is highly encouraged to cater to the constant changes in trends of tourist demand towards a destination and to enable a certain tourist spot to maintain a sustainable market demand that is crucial to in boosting the economy (Tourism and Hospitality Research,2010). Tourism is always considered an industry that can be easily affected by a incidents happening around it such as terrorism, epidermis treats, natural disaster and many more but has always maintain as one of the strongest industry that brings in a major role of keeping the revenue coming in. This is because, trends and preference may change from time to time but not reduced. Therefore, it is vital for Penang tourism to keep track of the changes in current trends and demand, recognize the opportunity and implication to the state as a great competitive step in maintaining its sustainability (Bailey,2010) However, by any means of promoting a certain heritage site as a tourism spot, there are also concerns about the speeding up in deterioration of the sites which means it clashes with the main aim UNESCOs mission to preserve and conserve the heritage area that is considered a legacy that is handed down by past generations. This is an issue that is a huge concern as heritage sites are places from the past that is irreplaceable and restoration works are costly as it takes special skilled labour and specific materials to maintain its original structure and style (Harrison,2005). Compared to the past, where heritage sites are rarely heard and received only a small niche of demand my visitors, with the awareness and curiosity of travelers to gain knowledge, heritages sites around the world is fast gaining popularity thus

The Red Cross in East Africa Essay example -- Red Cross Community Serv

The Red Cross in East Africa This report is about the Tanzania Red Cross written after community service fieldwork by eleven students from the East African Uongozi Institute, between 04th and 10th July , 2002. The Community service involved working with the Red Cross in the Dar es salaam International Trade Fair[DITF] which was on at the time and we were allocated to work at the Red Cross tents at the Fair ground to help administer first aid to any causalities. The East African Uongozi Institute is an international Cooperation and collaboration primarily involving four institution of higher learning. The University of Dar es Salaam, the University of Nairobi, the Makerere University and the University of California at Los Angeles. One of the main activities of the Institute is to conduct Uongozi School for leadership development. The ‘maiden voyage’ of the first Uongozi school took place in the summer of 1998. Every year, the school rotates between the three East African countries. University students from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, North America, and other African countries attend the programme each year. A community service component is included in the programme to enable students to translate theory into practice and to appreciate the fact that leadership is not just the exercise power but also to serve people. 1.1. Background to the study Red Cross is a worldwide movement working towards the alleviation of human suffering through the power of humanity .It was first established by Henri Dunnant, Swiss businessman. He was on a business trip, when he felt touched by the victims of a war between France and Italy. He saw how the soldiers needed treatment, the women and the children too were wounded and needed food and clothing. He took them to a nearby clinic for treatment at his own expense. When he returned to Switzerland, he sold the idea to his friends who also sold it to others. These initiatives resulted into a society aimed at helping people during war. Since the Swiss flag host a white cross they decided to symbolise the society by a red cross. Hence, the Red Cross Society is represented by a red cross inside a white background (see appendix 1). The headquarters of the movement is in Geneva, Switzerland. However, some countries especially those not of a Christian origin did not like to use the symbol of the cross. During the war between... ...APPENDIX 3 RED CROSS REGIONAL CENTERS IN TANZANIA KEY: q RED CROSS REGIONAL CENTER APPENDIX 4 REFUGEE STATISTIC IN KIGOMA AS EPR 31st DECEMBER 2001 (UNHCR) DISTRICT CAMP POPULATION ORIGINALITY KIBONDO MTENDELIKANEMBWANDUTAMKUGWAKARAGHO 47,74418,56947,811 1,72437,588 BURUNDIANSBURUNDIANSBURUNDIANSMIXEDBURUNDIANS KASULU NYARUGUSUMTABILA IMTABILA IIMUYOYOSI 52,18915,88339,89437,627 CONGOLESEBURUNDIANSBURUNDIANSBURUNDIANS KIGOMA RURAL LUGUFU ILUGUFU II 52,77618,131 CONGOLESECONGOLESE TOTAL 369,936 APPENDIX 5 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY THE RED CROSS IN KASULU OPERATIONAL BASE 119 KILOMETERS FROM KIGOMA TOWN CAMP REFUGEE POPULATION ACTIVITIES MUYOVOZI 37,627 Camp management, curative, reproductive Health education, Nutrition services, water and sanitation MTABILA I 15,883 Curative, community health education, reproductive health and Nutrition services. MTABILA II 39,894 Curative, water production and distribution sanitation (provision of latrine slabs) community Health education, reproductive health, and nutrition services. TOTAL 93,404

AIDS/HIV Research :: essays research papers

This study used content analysis to identify dominant AIDS-HIV themes in the manifest news content of AP, Reuters, AFP, ITAR-TASS, and IPS. A systematic random sample of AIDS-HIV stories disseminated by the five wire services between May 1991 and May 1997 (both months included) was obtained. This decade was selected because several empirical studies of coverage in the 1980s have been conducted; however, few studies examine the 1990s. The decision to examine the print news media was driven by the nature of the issue being explored. Previous research indicated (Nelkin, 1991; Stroman & Seltzer, 1989) that when it comes to complex and ambiguous issues (e.g., AIDS-HIV), print news provides more in-depth information than broadcast news. News consumers tend to consult print news for the details, whereas broadcast news provides the broad strokes. For instance, the Princeton Survey Research Associates (1996) study of AIDS coverage by the U.S. media found that the print media accorded more analytical coverage when compared to broadcast offerings. Full texts of all the stories in the sample were downloaded from the online LEXIS-NEXIS news and information database service.(n7) With a random starting point, every fifth story in the universe was selected to obtain a 20% sample. The story was the unit of analysis. The sample comprised a total of 635 stories. Following is the breakdown of these stories according to wire services: Reuters = 287, AFP = 155, AP = 78, ITAR-TASS = 34, and IPS = 81 (N = 635). Detailed coding categories were developed. The Princeton Survey Research Associates (1996) content analysis of AIDS-HIV coverage by the U.S. news media guided the formation of some of the categories. The world region category was guided by the Mayo and Pasadeos (1991) study of the international focus of U.S. business magazines. Following are the main categories that were used to code each story. Detailed operational definitions were developed for each category. Straightforward categories such as date, length of story, wire, and so forth are not included: 1. Dateline-world region: The choices available were: North America (United States and Canada), Central America and the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe (including Turkey and Greece), Eastern Europe, Russia and former Soviet republics, China, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa (including South Africa), developing Asia (mostly South and some Southeast Asia), developed Asia (mostly East and Southeast Asia), Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, and other Pacific Islands), global, the United Nations and other similar global organizations, and other/none.

My Ideal School Essay

What is a school? To me, a school is the center of education. It provides intellectual ,emotional as well as spiritual enrichment. I am sure everyone has their own notion of what an ideal school is. It is a place where one feels most comfortable to learn in. In my opinion,an ideal school would consists of a building with an ultra modern infrastructure and top-notch facilities. All the classrooms will have colourful walls with wonderful paintings and thought-provoking pictures hanging on them. All the classrooms will be well-lit and fully air-conditionered. It would be perfect if the tables and chairs are arranged in a semi-circle facing the teacher. Apart from that,we will also need a well-equipped library with the state-of-art facilities for students to conduct their research and studies. Computer cataloguing should also be introduced to make referencing easier. In addition an ideal school should have a shopisticated gymnasium and sports centre. Athletes and swimmers can also train at the school mini-stadium and swimming pool. Students nowadays are burdened with homework and endless examinations. My constructive and productive homework shoul be given instead of burdening homework. Students should not be doing their homework for the sake of doing them. Teachers could perhaps have Biology classes outdoors so that students can really appreciate the beauty of nature or organized field trips to exhibition and conventions to make learning interesting. Traditional art and culture classes should also be held in the ideal school to nurture the spirit of appreciation among students. Moreover,to maximize the students learning capacities,lessons should start at 10. 00 a. m. There should be breaks in between so that students can digest knowledge from the previous lesson instead of rushing to the next lesson straight after the previous one. In this era of globalization,ICT is of upmost importance . So why can’t schools have paperless teaching and learning? Heavy bags and tons of books should be a thing of the past. Besides,it will also great if the students have teleconferencing and online forum with scholars from all over the world. The notion of ideal is sometimes painfully defined as an idea existing only in imagination and is not likely to come true. However I believe the idea of creating an ideal school would not merely remain a dream after all.

Abina and the Important Men

Abina and the Important Men BY ckc74426 Abina and the Important Men: A Graphic History This graphic novel was a very interesting and unique take on history and on how it's traditionally told. The story is based on a young African slave girl, named Abina Mansah, in the nineteenth century. Most of the events that occur in the book take place in West Africa and more specifically in the Gold Coast Colony. It's based on the real-life event of Abina's trial against Quamina Eddo, who was a powerful and wealthy man. She believed that she was wrongfully enslaved.She wanted her voice to be heard and decided that she would take this man to court. The only problem with this was that he grew palm oil, which at the time was vital component of Britain's growing industrial production. Therefore, bringing him to court was a big deal. They were walking a very fine line in doing so, but in the same token they had to honor the new laws that they passed abolishing slavery. None the less, William Melton, the acting Judicial assessor, decided to give the girl a shot in court to prove Eddo guilty of wrongfully enslaving her.The account goes on to tell of the events that occurred in court. Abina tells her account of what had occurred and is questioned about her experience by Eddo's attorney, her own attorney, and Melton. She states that she was left by her old master in the hands of Eddo, but that her old master was going to return for her later. While staying at Eddo's plantation with his sister she was approached by his sister and was told that she was going to have to marry a man, Tando, against her will. She told them that she didn't like the man and wouldn't marry him.With this she was threatened and told that if she didn't marry him then she would be flogged. After she was told this she ran away and knew that she wanted her story to be heard. This is why she had come to Cape Coast to be free. In the end Quamina Eddo was found innocent of enslaving Abina. She was very upset by thi s news and stated that all she wanted was to be heard. She wanted to go to the court so that she could say what needed to be said. She wanted them to know how her life was. In the second half of the book you can find the original transcripts that tell you xactly of what was said during the trial.You can also find a section on the historical context, a reading guide, and a classroom guide. Personally, I thoroughly enjoyed this graphic novel. It was a really creative twist on the usual context of how history is normally told! I think that it kept me more interactive in the story and engaged. The main reason I enjoyed the book, along with many others I'm sure, is the story being focused on an unlikely person in history. Abina was Just a normal girl in history. She as a slave girl who didn't have any fancy education, nor was she wealthy or powerful.Basically, she was kind of like you or me in the grand scheme of world history. We don't hold any important role in history, yet we make up the majority of people in the history of our time. Its a wild thing to think about. It really makes you think about all of the history that was lost throughout the years! Who knows what other occurrences happened that, due to lack of good documentation or preservation was lost. What's even worse to consider is that throughout history there were people ho took it upon themselves to decide what was important and what was not.This is discuss is timely question of how people can so easily ignore what is right? For instance the men that were on the Jury and William Melton knew that Abina was most likely a slave. Even if she was labeled so, she was still being forced to marry a man that she didn't want to. This leads me to my next question, was she really a slave? My answer to that is a yes I believe, but I still would like to hear what others opinions are. As a girl, I can't help but side with Abina on this matter.Not only were they attempting to force her to marry someone else, but they were essentially taking her freedom away to choose her own path in life. No one likes to be told what to do and I admire her determination and courage in trying to give a voice to those who couldn't speak up for themselves. All in all this was a great book and I am really happy that you introduced us to it! It definitely made me consider all the voices that have gone unheard throughout history, but now I am left with only more questions about the history of our world and what it all means!